^ US 205088, Hollman, John H., "Improvement in finger-nail trimmers", issued April 17, 1878.^ US 183256, Edge, William C., "Improvement in finger-nail trimmers", issued October 17, 1876.^ "Fingernail Trimming History: What We Did Before Nail Clippers"."The Long, Slightly Strange History Behind Fingernail Clipping". ^ US 161112, Fogerty, Valentine, "Improvement in finger-nail trimmers", issued February 24, 1875."Fingernail Trimming: What We Did Before Nail Clippers". Bassett Company in 1939) developed the "Trim"-brand nail clipper, using the superior jaw-style design that had been around since the 19th century, but adding two nibs near the base of the file to prevent lateral movement, replacing the pinned rivet with a notched rivet, and adding a thumb-swerve in the lever. Around 1928, Carter was president of the company when he claimed, about 1896, the "Gem"-brand fingernail clipper was introduced. Cook Company in Ansonia, Connecticut, which was incorporated in 1903 as the H. Around 1913, Carter was secretary of the H. Coates (for a finger-nail cutter), in 1886 by Hungarian Inventor David Gestetner and in 1905 by Chapel S. Filings for finger-nail clippers include, in 1881, those of Eugene Heim and Celestin Matz, in 1885 by George H. Other subsequent patents for an improvement in finger-nail clippers are those in 1876 by William C. The first United States patent for an improvement in a finger-nail clipper was filed in 1875 by Valentine Fogerty. A reference is made in Horace's Epistles, written circa 20 BC, to "A close-shaven man, it's said, in an empty barber's booth, penknife in hand, quietly cleaning his nails." The Book of Deuteronomy exhorts in 21:12 that a man, should he wish to take a captive as a wife, "shall bring her home to house, and she shall shave her head and trim her nails". Descriptions of nail trimming in literature date as far back as the 8th century BC. Cook Company of Ansonia, Connecticutīefore the invention of the modern nail clipper, people would use small knives to trim or pare their nails. 1902 advertisement from Good Housekeeping for Carter's nail cutter, produced by the H. 6th–8th centuries BC) Roman nail clipper made of bronze, 3rd to 4th century AD. History Razor (top) and nail cutter with bone handle (bottom) found in a grave of the Hallstatt culture (c. Cutting heads that are parallel to the principal axis are made to address accessibility issues involved with cutting toenails. The cutting head may be manufactured to be parallel or perpendicular to the principal axis of the cutter. Specialized nail clippers which have convex clipping ends are intended for trimming toenails, while concave clipping ends are for fingernails. The nail clipper consists of a head that may be concave or convex. Nail clippers occasionally come with a nail catcher. Many nail clippers usually come with a miniature file fixed to it to allow rough edges of nails to be manicured. Two common varieties are the plier type and the compound lever type. Nail clippers are usually made of stainless steel but can also be made of plastic and aluminum. Levers of a compound-lever clipper purple triangles denote the fulcra
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